feat: clustering multi-métriques + TCP fingerprinting amélioré
- TCP fingerprinting: 20 signatures OS (p0f-style), scoring multi-signal
TTL/MSS/scale/fenêtre, détection Masscan 97% confiance, réseau path
(Ethernet/PPPoE/VPN/Tunnel), estimation hop-count
- Clustering IPs: K-means++ (Arthur & Vassilvitskii 2007) sur 21 features
TCP stack + anomalie ML + TLS/protocole + navigateur + temporel
PCA-2D par puissance itérative (Hotelling) pour positionnement
- Visualisation redesign: 2 vues lisibles
- Tableau de bord: grille de cartes groupées par niveau de risque
(Bots / Suspects / Légitimes), métriques clés + mini-barres
- Graphe de relations: ReactFlow avec nœuds-cartes en colonnes
par niveau de menace, arêtes colorées par similarité, légende
- Sidebar: RadarChart comportemental + toutes métriques + export CSV
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
This commit is contained in:
SOC Analyst
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backend/services/clustering_engine.py
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backend/services/clustering_engine.py
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"""
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Moteur de clustering K-means++ multi-métriques (pur Python).
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Ref: Arthur & Vassilvitskii (2007) — k-means++: The Advantages of Careful Seeding
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Hotelling (1933) — PCA par puissance itérative (deflation)
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Features (21 dimensions, normalisées [0,1]) :
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0 ttl_n : TTL initial normalisé (hops-count estimé)
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1 mss_n : MSS normalisé → type réseau (Ethernet/PPPoE/VPN)
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2 scale_n : facteur de mise à l'échelle TCP
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3 win_n : fenêtre TCP normalisée
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4 score_n : score anomalie ML (abs)
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5 velocity_n : vélocité de requêtes (log1p)
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6 fuzzing_n : index de fuzzing (log1p)
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7 headless_n : ratio sessions headless
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8 post_n : ratio POST/total
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9 ip_id_zero_n : ratio IP-ID=0 (Linux/spoofé)
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10 entropy_n : entropie temporelle
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11 browser_n : score navigateur moderne (normalisé max 50)
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12 alpn_n : mismatch ALPN/protocole
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13 alpn_absent_n : ratio ALPN absent
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14 h2_n : efficacité H2 multiplexing (log1p)
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15 hdr_conf_n : confiance ordre headers
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16 ua_ch_n : mismatch User-Agent-Client-Hints
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17 asset_n : ratio assets statiques
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18 direct_n : ratio accès directs
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19 ja4_div_n : diversité JA4 (log1p)
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20 ua_rot_n : UA rotatif (booléen)
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"""
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from __future__ import annotations
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import math
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import random
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from dataclasses import dataclass, field
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# ─── Définition des features ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
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# (clé SQL, nom lisible, fonction de normalisation)
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FEATURES = [
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# TCP stack
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("ttl", "TTL Initial", lambda v: min(1.0, (v or 0) / 255.0)),
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("mss", "MSS Réseau", lambda v: min(1.0, (v or 0) / 1460.0)),
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("scale", "Scale TCP", lambda v: min(1.0, (v or 0) / 14.0)),
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("win", "Fenêtre TCP", lambda v: min(1.0, (v or 0) / 65535.0)),
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# Anomalie ML
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("avg_score", "Score Anomalie", lambda v: min(1.0, float(v or 0))),
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("avg_velocity", "Vélocité (rps)", lambda v: min(1.0, math.log1p(float(v or 0)) / math.log1p(100))),
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("avg_fuzzing", "Fuzzing", lambda v: min(1.0, math.log1p(float(v or 0)) / math.log1p(300))),
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("pct_headless", "Headless", lambda v: min(1.0, float(v or 0))),
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("avg_post", "Ratio POST", lambda v: min(1.0, float(v or 0))),
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# IP-ID
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("ip_id_zero", "IP-ID Zéro", lambda v: min(1.0, float(v or 0))),
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# Temporel
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("entropy", "Entropie Temporelle", lambda v: min(1.0, math.log1p(float(v or 0)) / math.log1p(10))),
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# Navigateur
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("browser_score","Score Navigateur", lambda v: min(1.0, float(v or 0) / 50.0)),
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# TLS / Protocole
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("alpn_mismatch","ALPN Mismatch", lambda v: min(1.0, float(v or 0))),
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("alpn_missing", "ALPN Absent", lambda v: min(1.0, float(v or 0))),
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("h2_eff", "H2 Multiplexing", lambda v: min(1.0, math.log1p(float(v or 0)) / math.log1p(20))),
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("hdr_conf", "Ordre Headers", lambda v: min(1.0, float(v or 0))),
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("ua_ch_mismatch","UA-CH Mismatch", lambda v: min(1.0, float(v or 0))),
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# Comportement HTTP
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("asset_ratio", "Ratio Assets", lambda v: min(1.0, float(v or 0))),
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("direct_ratio", "Accès Direct", lambda v: min(1.0, float(v or 0))),
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# Diversité JA4
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("ja4_count", "Diversité JA4", lambda v: min(1.0, math.log1p(float(v or 0)) / math.log1p(30))),
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# UA rotatif
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("ua_rotating", "UA Rotatif", lambda v: 1.0 if float(v or 0) > 0 else 0.0),
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]
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FEATURE_KEYS = [f[0] for f in FEATURES]
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FEATURE_NAMES = [f[1] for f in FEATURES]
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FEATURE_NORMS = [f[2] for f in FEATURES]
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N_FEATURES = len(FEATURES)
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# ─── Utilitaires vectoriels (pur Python) ──────────────────────────────────────
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def _dist2(a: list[float], b: list[float]) -> float:
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return sum((x - y) ** 2 for x, y in zip(a, b))
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def _mean_vec(vecs: list[list[float]]) -> list[float]:
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n = len(vecs)
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if n == 0:
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return [0.0] * N_FEATURES
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return [sum(v[i] for v in vecs) / n for i in range(N_FEATURES)]
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# ─── Construction du vecteur de features ─────────────────────────────────────
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def build_feature_vector(row: dict) -> list[float]:
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"""Normalise un dict de colonnes SQL → vecteur [0,1]^N_FEATURES."""
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return [fn(row.get(key)) for key, fn in zip(FEATURE_KEYS, FEATURE_NORMS)]
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# ─── K-means++ ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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@dataclass
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class KMeansResult:
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centroids: list[list[float]]
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labels: list[int]
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inertia: float
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n_iter: int
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def kmeans_pp(
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points: list[list[float]],
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k: int,
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max_iter: int = 60,
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seed: int = 42,
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n_init: int = 3,
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) -> KMeansResult:
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"""
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K-means avec initialisation k-means++ (Arthur & Vassilvitskii, 2007).
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Lance `n_init` fois et retourne le meilleur résultat (inertie minimale).
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"""
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rng = random.Random(seed)
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best: KMeansResult | None = None
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for attempt in range(n_init):
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# ── Initialisation k-means++ ────────────────────────────────────
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first_idx = rng.randrange(len(points))
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centroids = [points[first_idx][:]]
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for _ in range(k - 1):
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d2 = [min(_dist2(p, c) for c in centroids) for p in points]
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total = sum(d2)
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if total == 0:
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break
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r = rng.random() * total
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cumul = 0.0
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for i, d in enumerate(d2):
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cumul += d
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if cumul >= r:
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centroids.append(points[i][:])
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break
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else:
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centroids.append(points[rng.randrange(len(points))][:])
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# ── Itérations EM ───────────────────────────────────────────────
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labels: list[int] = [0] * len(points)
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for iteration in range(max_iter):
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# E-step : affectation
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new_labels = [
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min(range(len(centroids)), key=lambda c: _dist2(p, centroids[c]))
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for p in points
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]
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if new_labels == labels and iteration > 0:
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break
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labels = new_labels
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# M-step : mise à jour
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clusters: list[list[list[float]]] = [[] for _ in range(k)]
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for i, l in enumerate(labels):
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clusters[l].append(points[i])
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for j in range(k):
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if clusters[j]:
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centroids[j] = _mean_vec(clusters[j])
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inertia = sum(_dist2(points[i], centroids[labels[i]]) for i in range(len(points)))
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result = KMeansResult(
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centroids=centroids,
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labels=labels,
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inertia=inertia,
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n_iter=iteration + 1,
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)
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if best is None or inertia < best.inertia:
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best = result
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return best # type: ignore
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# ─── PCA 2D par puissance itérative ──────────────────────────────────────────
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def pca_2d(points: list[list[float]]) -> list[tuple[float, float]]:
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"""
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Projection PCA 2D par puissance itérative avec déflation (Hotelling).
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Retourne les coordonnées (pc1, pc2) normalisées dans [0,1].
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"""
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n = len(points)
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if n == 0:
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return []
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# Centrage
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mean = _mean_vec(points)
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X = [[p[i] - mean[i] for i in range(N_FEATURES)] for p in points]
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def power_iter(X_centered: list[list[float]], n_iter: int = 30) -> list[float]:
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"""Trouve le premier vecteur propre de X^T X par puissance itérative."""
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v = [1.0 / math.sqrt(N_FEATURES)] * N_FEATURES
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for _ in range(n_iter):
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# Xv = X @ v
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Xv = [sum(row[j] * v[j] for j in range(N_FEATURES)) for row in X_centered]
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# Xtxv = X^T @ Xv
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xtxv = [sum(X_centered[i][j] * Xv[i] for i in range(len(X_centered))) for j in range(N_FEATURES)]
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norm = math.sqrt(sum(x ** 2 for x in xtxv)) or 1e-10
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v = [x / norm for x in xtxv]
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return v
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# PC1
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v1 = power_iter(X)
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proj1 = [sum(row[j] * v1[j] for j in range(N_FEATURES)) for row in X]
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# Déflation : retire la composante PC1 de X
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X2 = [
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[X[i][j] - proj1[i] * v1[j] for j in range(N_FEATURES)]
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for i in range(n)
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]
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# PC2
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v2 = power_iter(X2)
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proj2 = [sum(row[j] * v2[j] for j in range(N_FEATURES)) for row in X2]
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# Normalisation [0,1]
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def _norm01(vals: list[float]) -> list[float]:
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lo, hi = min(vals), max(vals)
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rng = hi - lo or 1e-10
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return [(v - lo) / rng for v in vals]
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p1 = _norm01(proj1)
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p2 = _norm01(proj2)
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return list(zip(p1, p2))
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# ─── Nommage automatique des clusters ────────────────────────────────────────
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def name_cluster(centroid: list[float], raw_stats: dict | None = None) -> str:
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"""
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Génère un nom lisible à partir du centroïde normalisé et de statistiques brutes.
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Priorité : signaux les plus discriminants en premier.
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"""
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score = centroid[4] # anomalie ML
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vel = centroid[5] # vélocité
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fuzz = centroid[6] # fuzzing (log1p normalisé, >0.35 ≈ fuzzing_index > 100)
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hless = centroid[7] # headless
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post = centroid[8] # POST ratio
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alpn = centroid[12] # ALPN mismatch
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h2 = centroid[14] # H2 eff
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ua_ch = centroid[16] # UA-CH mismatch
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ja4d = centroid[19] # JA4 diversité
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ua_rot = centroid[20] # UA rotatif
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raw_mss = (raw_stats or {}).get("mean_mss", 0)
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raw_ttl = (raw_stats or {}).get("mean_ttl", 0) or (centroid[0] * 255)
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raw_scale = (raw_stats or {}).get("mean_scale", 0)
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# ── Signaux forts (déterministes) ────────────────────────────────────
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# Pattern Masscan : mss≈1452, scale≈4, TTL 48-57
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if raw_mss and 1440 <= raw_mss <= 1460 and raw_scale and 3 <= raw_scale <= 5 and raw_ttl < 60:
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return "🤖 Masscan / Scanner IP"
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# Fuzzer agressif (fuzzing_index normalisé > 0.35 ≈ valeur brute > 100)
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if fuzz > 0.35:
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return "🤖 Bot Fuzzer / Scanner"
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# UA rotatif + UA-CH mismatch : bot sophistiqué simulant un navigateur
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if ua_rot > 0.5 and ua_ch > 0.7:
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return "🤖 Bot UA Rotatif + CH Mismatch"
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# UA-CH mismatch fort seul (navigateur simulé sans headers CH)
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if ua_ch > 0.8:
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return "⚠️ Bot UA-CH Incohérent"
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# ── Score ML modéré + signal comportemental ──────────────────────────
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if score > 0.20:
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if hless > 0.3:
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return "⚠️ Navigateur Headless Suspect"
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if vel > 0.25:
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return "⚠️ Bot Haute Vélocité"
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if post > 0.4:
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return "⚠️ Bot POST Automatisé"
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if alpn > 0.5 or h2 > 0.5:
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return "⚠️ TLS/H2 Anormal"
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if ua_ch > 0.4:
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return "⚠️ Anomalie UA-CH"
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return "⚠️ Anomalie ML Modérée"
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# ── Signaux faibles ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
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if ua_ch > 0.4:
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return "🔎 UA-CH Incohérent"
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if ja4d > 0.5:
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return "🔄 Client Multi-Fingerprint"
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# ── Classification réseau / OS ────────────────────────────────────────
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# MSS bas → VPN ou tunnel
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if raw_mss and raw_mss < 1360:
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return "🌐 VPN / Tunnel"
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if raw_ttl < 70:
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return "🐧 Linux / Mobile"
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if raw_ttl > 110:
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return "🪟 Windows"
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return "✅ Trafic Légitime"
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def risk_score_from_centroid(centroid: list[float]) -> float:
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"""Score de risque [0,1] pondéré. Calibré pour les valeurs observées (score ML ~0.3)."""
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# Normalisation de score ML : x / 0.5 pour étendre la plage utile (0-0.5 → 0-1)
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score_n = min(1.0, centroid[4] / 0.5)
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fuzz_n = centroid[6]
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ua_ch_n = centroid[16]
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ua_rot_n = centroid[20]
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vel_n = centroid[5]
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hless_n = centroid[7]
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ip_id_n = centroid[9]
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alpn_n = centroid[12]
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ja4d_n = centroid[19]
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post_n = centroid[8]
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return min(1.0,
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0.25 * score_n +
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0.20 * ua_ch_n +
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0.15 * fuzz_n +
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0.12 * ua_rot_n +
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0.10 * hless_n +
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0.07 * vel_n +
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0.04 * ip_id_n +
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0.04 * alpn_n +
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0.03 * ja4d_n +
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0.03 * post_n
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)
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